Pauling and Matthias Rath patented this vitamin C-lysine combination (US Patent 5,278,189A, granted 1994) as a cardiovascular treatment, built on the premise that ascorbate deficiency raises lipoprotein(a) and drives arterial plaque formation. The archive found no randomized controlled trial demonstrating that the combination prevents or reverses plaque or reduces hard cardiovascular outcomes (heart attack, stroke, cardiovascular death) in humans; the claim rests on the patent’s own mechanistic reasoning about lipoprotein(a) binding, a biomarker-level surrogate, rather than a demonstrated clinical outcome. It is marked unreplicated rather than refuted because, unlike the cold and cancer claims, no controlled human outcome trial of the specific combination was found either supporting or directly contradicting it.