Patients were charged $9.50 per dose as a “contribution” (a significant sum in the early 1950s) through the Krebiozen Research Foundation (Schwarcz, McGill OSS, 2017). Andrew Ivy served on the Foundation’s board and later as its president. The 1964 indictment (Langer, Science 1964, PMID 17810142) charged Ivy and the Durovic brothers on counts including conspiracy and financial fraud. Schwarcz notes that by the time the 1966 acquittal came, the proponents “had transplanted their millions to Swiss banks,” and the Durovic brothers subsequently faced separate tax evasion charges. Ivy’s role concentrated the functions of scientific advocate, clinical investigator, and board member of the distributing foundation in a single person, without contemporaneous disclosure of this arrangement.