The direct descendant, in modern practice, of the general disease-curing claim Palmer built from his September 1895 founding episode (Batinić et al. 2013): that correcting spinal dysfunction through manipulation has a physiological effect reaching beyond the musculoskeletal system to treat organ-system disease. A 2021 systematic review commissioned by an international Global Summit of 50 researchers examined six randomized clinical trials (534 participants total) of spinal manipulative therapy for non-musculoskeletal disorders and found no evidence of an effect of SMT for the management of non-musculoskeletal disorders including infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine, concluding this challenges the validity of the theory that treating spinal dysfunctions with SMT has a physiological effect on organs and their function (Côté et al. 2021). A 2003 profession-wide survey found that most chiropractors, “straights” and “mixers” alike, still hold views of the cause and cure of disease, not just back pain, consistent with those of the Palmers (Wikipedia, “Chiropractic controversy and criticism”), indicating the claim remains live in practice today.