Epigenetic-aging researcher Dr. Morgan Levine PhD, reported in NMN.com (24 September 2024), states that epigenetic clocks measure a relative rate, not a quantity of years, and that a single-timepoint rate cannot validly be projected across an entire lifespan the way the ‘31 years’ figure implies; she characterizes the specific claim as unsubstantiated and overhyped. This is one of the few claims in the archive refuted not decades later but within the same year it was popularized.