Voronoff to virion: 1920s testis transplantation and AIDS
secondary literature · 2012
SUMMARY
Peer-reviewed xenotransplantation-journal review of the 1920s gland-transplant rejuvenation era. Cited here to ground the biological disconfirmation shared across this lineage: animal-to-human gonad xenografts are recognized as foreign and immunologically rejected, are not integrated, and provide no sustained endocrine contribution. (The article also rebuts the separate, unrelated claim that these xenografts caused the HIV epidemic.) Used for the rejection mechanism, not for case-specific biography. PMID and DOI confirmed on PubMed and Crossref.
NOTES
A modern xenotransplantation review establishing that the interwar animal-gonad rejuvenation xenografts were immunologically rejected and inert as endocrine grafts. It is the canonical modern reference for the immunological rejection of the 1920s animal-gonad rejuvenation xenografts, applied across this archive’s gland-transplant cases.