James Caleb Jackson
James Caleb Jackson (28 March 1811 to 11 July 1895) began his working life as an active abolitionist and supporter of the early women’s rights movement (Berdan, 2015). His career turned toward medicine after his own health broke down: around 1846-47 he became so ill that, by his own later account, he was “at death’s door,” and a water cure produced what he later described as a dramatic recovery (Dansville Public Library, “Castle on the Hill”). He trained in hydropathic medicine and operated a water cure at Glen Haven, on Skaneateles Lake in Cortland County, before moving to Dansville, Livingston County, in October 1858 to take over a struggling water-cure spa that had already failed under several previous owners since 1854 (Dansville Public Library; Berdan, 2015).
Jackson renamed the Dansville institution “Our Home on the Hillside” and built it into a nationally known health resort, assisted by his wife Lucretia Jackson and his adopted daughter, Dr. Harriet N. Austin, a fellow hydropathic physician and advocate of women’s dress reform who trained under R. T. Trall and became a documented practitioner at the institution (Library of Congress Name Authority File; Dansville Public Library). Around 1863 Jackson developed a baked, crushed graham-flour cereal he named Granula, which he trademarked in 1876 and manufactured commercially through the Our Home Granula Company into at least the 1920s; when Dr. John Harvey Kellogg later marketed a similar cereal under the same name at his Battle Creek Sanitarium, Jackson’s trademark claim forced Kellogg to rename his product Granola, the name still used industry-wide today (William G. Pomeroy Foundation historic marker). By the late 1870s Jackson had handed daily operating control to his son, James H. Jackson, and daughter-in-law, Kate J. Jackson, both physicians; the 1882 fire that destroyed the original wood-frame building was followed by the October 1883 opening of a larger, fireproof brick replacement, and by 1890 the family had formally rebranded the enterprise “The Jackson Sanatorium” (Dansville Public Library; Jackson Sanatorium promotional booklet, 1890). Jackson died in 1895, having spent his last years as consulting physician rather than day-to-day director; the institution he founded continued under his descendants until its 1914 bankruptcy.